Programme Outcomes

1. Skillful Physician

Overall Outcome: Collect, interpret and apply medical knowledge, clinical skills and professional behaviours required to make clinical decisions and effectively provide patient‑centred care.

Knowledge Outcomes

• Perform a complete and accurate patient‑centred history appropriate to the patient’s presentation.
• Perform a complete and accurate physical examination appropriate to the patient’s presentation.
• Formulate an initial plan of appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic procedures relevant to the patient’s presentation.
• Develop a differential diagnosis and key clinical problem list following assessment of a patient.
• Develop a management plan for key clinical problems following assessment of a patient.
• Apply knowledge of the clinical, socio‑behavioural and fundamental biomedical sciences relevant to a clinical problem.

2. Knowledgeable

Differentiates between:

• Normal and abnormal structure and functions of the body.
• Normal and abnormal molecular, cellular, biochemical, physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms and processes.
• Normal and abnormal human behaviour.
• Effects of growth, development and ageing; biological and social determinants and risk factors of disease; various etiological causes and causative agents.
• Available therapeutic options and other relevant biochemical, pharmacological, surgical, psychological and social interventions.

Relates:

• The effects and interactions of physical, emotional and social environments to health and disease of humans.
• The natural history of acute and chronic, communicable and non‑communicable diseases with respective etiologic agents and the effect of appropriate interventions on disease progression.

Applies & Ensures:

• Applies evidence‑based medicine concepts to provide the best possible cost‑effective care.
• Ensures compliance with the legal system as it impacts health care and PM&DC regulations, including patient safety guidelines.

3. Community Health Promoter

Overall Outcome: Demonstrates the role of the physician in disease prevention and in protecting and promoting, through advocacy, the health of individual patients, communities and populations, especially in primary health care.

• Identifies determinants of health, risk factors for illness, and interactions between populations and their physical, biological and social environment.
• Identifies public policies and trends that affect health locally, nationally and globally, including barriers to access for persons with disabilities, the underserved and marginalized.
• Assesses and responds to issues in the Pakistani health care system and advocates for patients at all levels.

4. Problem Solver / Critical Thinker

Demonstrates effective collaboration with health care professionals to provide safe, high‑quality, patient‑centred care incorporating critical thinking and reflective practice.

• Demonstrates effective collaboration skills within the health care system.
• Demonstrates effective consultation with other health care professionals to provide care for individuals, communities and populations.
• Shows respect for all health care team members without bias (e.g. related to gender, ethnicity, cultural background or role).
• Uses effective strategies to promote understanding, manage differences and resolve conflicts through negotiation and collaboration.

5. Communicator

Demonstrates effective communication skills when interacting with patients, families and other health care professionals involved in the delivery of patient‑centred care.

• Develops and maintains appropriate ethical and therapeutic relationships, rapport and trust with patients and families.
• Collects and synthesizes accurate and relevant information from patients, families and the health care team.
• Discusses relevant health care information and management plans with patients and their families.
• Develops a shared plan of care with patients, their families and other health care professionals.
• Demonstrates effective oral and written communication for all medical encounters.
• Uses effective strategies for communicating with third parties other than health care professionals.

6. Professional

Demonstrates a commitment to the health and well‑being of individual patients and society through ethical practice, high personal standards of behaviour, honesty, accountability and maintenance of personal health.

• Demonstrates accountability to patients by applying best practices and adhering to high ethical standards.
• Shows altruism and accountability to society by recognizing and responding to societal expectations in health care.
• Demonstrates integrity and accountability to the profession by adhering to standards and participating in physician‑led regulation.
• Maintains personal health and well‑being to foster optimal patient care.

7. Researcher and Scholar

Demonstrates a lifelong commitment to reflective learning and to the dissemination, application and translation of medical knowledge.

• Develops and follows a plan for personal continuing education.
• Applies principles of research, critical appraisal and evidence‑based medicine to learning and practice.
• Facilitates learning for health care professionals, patients and society as part of professional responsibility.

8. Leader

Demonstrates leadership skills to organize and manage personal and professional practice and to contribute to the delivery of high‑quality health care, gaining patients’ trust in the communities they serve.

• Identifies strategies to effectively manage practice and career.
• Applies evidence and management processes to effectively allocate health care resources.
• Describes the roles and responsibilities of physicians and governing bodies in the development and support of the health care system.